Manufacture of fibrous material in sheet form



MalCh 23, '1954 l E, C.. SHAW 2,672,674 A v Y `MAI-1U1AC'1URE oF FIBRoUsMATERIAL IN SHEET FORM Filed April 2. 1949 :s sheets-sheet 2 E. C. SHAWMANUFACTURE 0F FIBROUS MATERIAL IN SHEET FORM Fild April 2, 1949 ssheets-Sheet s {loco-oceano...

Patented Mar. 23, 1954 OFFICE `MANUFACTURE F F IN SHEE IBROUS MATERIAL TFORM Ernest C. Shaw, Flossmoor, Ill. Application April 2, 1949, SerialNo. 85,108

7 Claims. l

This invention relates to brous material for oil lilter packing,lubricating pads, `wiping mitts, and such like, including layers ofwoven fabric and unwoven liber fastened together in sheet form adaptedto be rolled, folded, piled, or other wise used where oil and such likeare to be lter-ed, absorbed, fed or wiped.

Generally speaking, the material is made by fastening a layer of unwovenber to woven fabric by pulling the threads of the unwoven materialthrough the fabric.

In the drawings:

Fig. l -is a diagrammatic `view of a machine or apparatus for making thematerial, shown partly in side elevation and partly in section;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a plan view `of a needle bar used in the machine;

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. l

Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are diagrams illustrating diiferent steps in theoperation;

Fig. 9 is a plan View of the material, the uhwoven portion beinguppermost;

Fig. l0 is a reverse plan View of the same; and

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of the rolled oil lter packing, includingthe basic material of this invention.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 5, indicates generally a frame for the machine orapparatus providing bearings II for a roll I2 for woven fabric I3adapted to be drawn over a guide III and a hooking bar I5, both Asecuredto the frame I0, and thence about guide rolls I6 and Il in travel towarda Winder or other suitable apparatus.

The roll `I5 is driven `from a main shaft I8 through belt drives I9 and29, and the roll I'I is driven by a cross belt Idrive 2| from the rollI6.

The frame III also forms a support for a conveyor 22 receiving unwovenmaterial such as waste 23 from a tapered trough 24, which, in turn,receives from a source of supply such as a cardine machine or a feeder.

rI'he conveyor 22 delivers the unwoven material at its right end 25 ontoa slide 26, over which a tucker 2l reciprocates in order to bunch or.tuck the unwoven material as it approaches the hooker bar I5.

The hooker bar I5 is provided with openings 'i for needles 28 carried bya needle bar 29 adapted to reciprocate upand down on `guides BII, towhich itis secured by brackets 3 I. The needle bar isrecinrocatedbycormettns rods 32` having ,their .upper endspivotedtc .thebar at '33, and `their lower ends to cranks 311 ,on-the shaft I8.

Resilient pressure lingers 35 are mounted on a inger bar 35 -pivoted tothe frame to rock about an axis 31 between the positions correspondingto those shown in solid and dotted lines in Fig. 1.

`The fingers are lifted as the needles rise, and are forced downwardlyto force the unwoven material over the needles before they descend and,by the hooks 4G on the upper ends, pull the threads of the unwovenmaterial I through the woven fabric I3.

In this preferred form of apparatus, the linger bar 36 and the tuckerbar 2l are operated hy cams et on the shaft I8 running againstanti-friction rollers 46 on the free end of one arm 41 of bell cranklevers pivoted at 48, the other arm 49 of which is pivoted at 50 toconnecting rods y5I piv cted at 52 to the tucker bar 21.

The finger har 3B is rocked by the same mechanism through connectingrods 53 pivoted to the bell crank at 5t and to the pressure bar at 55. Aspring 56 positively urges the nger bar and the tucker bar toward theirlowerrnost positions, from which they are raised by the cam through thelevers and links.

By relieving the pressure of the fingers 3', on the unwoven material asthe needles rise, that material is ypermitted to open up so that theneedles pass readily through it, which they would. not do if it werecompacted by pressure. Then, the loose material is readily pressed downover the needles before they start to descend.

In the best form `now known, those needles are size No. 8 crochetneedles.

In performing the operation described, those needles catch threads ofthe unwoven material, such as cotton waste, and pull them or hooi; themdown through the fabric I 3, and preferably they descend far enough toleave a considerable loon helow the sheet. In many instances, thoseloops will interlace, and this can be fostered, .by feed* ing thewcvenfabric so that the Woof threads will be against the back of theneedles 2t as they go `down. For `some purposes, the interlacing of theloops of unwoven .fiber with the woven fabric will Vmake a moresatisfactory fastening.

v The loops are distinguishahl ey unwoven .ber

pulled through 4the woven ber `will inherently character of the unwovenmaterial nears parallel threads, such as are delivered by a cardingmachine. In all instances, it is an advantage to bunch the unwovenmaterial, but it is a special advantage when the threads aresubstantially parallel, because it has the effect of bending them andmaking them overlap in many directions. It also insures that there Willbe threads in the path of the crochet needles to be pulled through thewoven fabric.

The basic material produced by this invention may be used in sheets,rolls, piles, or folds, and other forms, depending on the nature of theuse. One form to which it is especially adapted is a roll 62 (Fig. 1l)forming a cartridge or filler for an oil filter. From the nature of theunwoven material formed of waste and passing by the tucker, the threadsare well matted, and the operation of the needles is to secure the wellmatted unwoven material to the fabric. When that composite sheet isrolled to form -a filter, it can be made denser at the outer side byincreasing the tension as the convolutions of the roll build up, ordenser toward the interior by the reverse variation of tension. If theoil is to pass through the roll from the other side, it is often best tohave the tension decrease as the roll enlarges, so that the convolutionsof the outer portion will be more pervious than the inner, and the solidmaterial in the oil can penetrate a short distance, depending on itssize, and increase the ltering ability of the material by building up abed of the extraneous solids to be removed from the oil.

It is also an important feature of the filter cartridge made of thebasic material of this inveni tion that the warp threads continuallybind it circumferentially while the woof threads restrain its elongationlengthwise to the cartridge. Hence, the threads of the woven materialstrongly tend to maintain the size and form of the roll cartridge. Tosome extent, that is true of folded or piled pads or packages of thebasic material.

When used in journal boxes for packing, the fastening between the fabricand the unwoven material aids in preventing waste grab while making theunwoven material fast to the body of the packing.

In this preferred embodiment of the. invention, the woven material iswhat is known as cheesecloth, and the unwoven material is what is known57i as carded waste. However, both can be Varied to suit the conditions.In some uses, woven metal wire or plastic threads may be used for thefabric, and a variety of loose or loosely felted fibers,

vegetable and animal, will be suitable for the unwoven material.

'Ihe number of threads to be pulled from the unwoven material throughthe fabric for fastening is a variable depending somewhat upon theextent of the fastening desired or required. In many instances, a singlerow of needles reciprocating at a reasonable speed will give sufficientfastening for quantity production. In others, more rows of needles maybe advantageously used. For example, in Fig. 4,l there is shown a row ofneedles B4, 1%" from the margin 65 of a needle bar; another row 66, tfrom the first row; another row 61, from the last mentioned; another rowB8, 1116" from the last mentioned; and another row 69, 7/8" from thelast mentioned and 3/8 from the margin'm. The spacing of the needlesfrom left to right may be uniform so that there is one needle lgoingthrough the mass for each 1/8 of travel, orA 1/2'fA of travel,

to be varied according to the speed of reciprocation.

As these drawings are diagrammatic, Fig. l is to be understood asshowing one row or many rows of needles uniformly spaced or varied.

The fastening may be increased toward the margin of the sheet to beformed or toward the margin and toward the center, depending on how thesheet is to be cut and handled in making up filter cartridges and thelike.

A filter packing or journal box packing, or the like, made of thismaterial will permit the mass to expand and contract with a sort ofbreathing action under variable pressure without losing its surface, oropening it unduly to a foreign material to be removed from the oil.

After fastening a layer of waste on a woven sheet, it may be turned overand another layer of waste fastened on the opposite side, thus producing-a three-layer sheet with the woven fabric in the middle. This isespecially good for journal box packing, though it may be used toadvantage in lter cartridges. However, there is an advantage in rollingsome filter cartridges with the woven fabric inside and wound on theperforated outlet tube, where it forms a nal strainer to catch loosethreads or fiber, and saves a separate element and operation.

In others, such as large filters for lubricating oil or fuel oil, thereis an advantage in rolling the cartridge with the woven fabric outside,where it serves to confine the cartridge, but freely permits yield topressure from the outside.

claim:

l. An article of manufacture for use as a packing for filters, journalboxes and the like including a sheet of loosely woven fabric, and arelatively thick, uniform layer of carded cotton thread waste with thethreads running lengthwise to the sheet, said sheet and waste fastenedtogether by loops of waste threads extending through the fabric.

2. An article of manufacture for use as a packing for filters, journalboxes and the like including laminae of a thin, loosely woven sheet offabric, and a relatively thick, uniform layer of carded cotton threadwaste with the threads substantially parallel and lengthwise to thesheet, interlaced by threads extending from the relatively thick layerof waste through the woven fabric.

3. An article of manufacture for use as a packing for filters, journalboxes and the like including spiral laminae of loosely woven fabric, anda relatively thick, uniform layer of carded cotton thread wasteinterlaced by threads of waste extending from the relatively thick layerof waste through the woven fabric.

4. An article of manufacture for use as a packing for filters, journalboxes and the like including spirally convoluted laminae of looselywoven fabric, and a. relatively thick, uniform layer of carded cottonthread waste interlaced by threads of waste extending from therelatively thick. layer of waste through the woven fabric, the severalconvolutions of the laminae being under different tension. v

5. Filter and analogous packing material comprising a composite sheet ofcontinuous superposed laminae of a relatively loosely woven fabric and alayer of cotton waste threads secured to each other by loops of wastethreads extending through openings in the fabric and lying lalong theouter surfacethereof-with otherV loops of cotton waste threadsfextendingthrough said loops from openings spaced along the fabric from said rstnamed openings, thus constituting a line of interlaced loops along theouter surface of the composite sheet.

6. Filter and analogous packing material as claimed in claim 5 having aplurality of substantially parallel spaced lines of said interlacedloops.

7. Filter and analogous packing material as claimed in claim 5 having aplurality of spaced lines of said interlaced loops and said sheet beingdisposed in spiral roll form with said lines extending circumferentiallyof the composite sheet.

ERNEST C. SHAW.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NameDate Billington Oct. 16, 1917 Number Number Number

